Migraine does not have a single cause. Genetic predisposition and processes in the nervous system play a role in the development of the condition; a trigger, on the other hand, is a factor associated with the onset of an attack in some people. A clear trigger may not be found for every attack.
How do the cause of migraine and the trigger of an attack differ?
The cause attempts to explain why a person is predisposed to migraine. A trigger is associated with the timing of a specific attack. For example, irregular sleep may be associated with attacks in some people; this does not mean migraine is caused solely by irregular sleep.
Is migraine genetic?
A family history of migraine may be associated with predisposition; however, having migraine in the family does not mean everyone will necessarily experience it. Most cases of migraine cannot be explained by a single gene.
Is it necessary to find a trigger?
No. Not finding an obvious cause is common. Attributing every attack to a particular food you ate or something you did can be misleading.
How can you track your own pattern?
Record sleep, meals, symptoms, and medication use in a headache diary. Discuss recurring associations with your doctor. For the diagnosis and symptoms of the condition, see the what is migraine? page.
Sources and information
This content is for general information only; it does not replace personal diagnosis, treatment advice or a medical consultation. The applicability of recommendations in these sources depends on your individual situation and local practice.