Migraine is a neurological condition characterised by recurring attacks. Throbbing headache may be accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Not every headache is migraine; diagnosis is based on the history of symptoms and examination.
What are the symptoms of migraine?
The pain is most often noticeable on one side of the head, but it can also be on both sides. It may worsen with movement; nausea and difficulty continuing daily activities may occur. Attacks usually last 4–72 hours. Not all symptoms need to be present in the same person.
What is aura?
Aura refers to temporary neurological symptoms such as zigzag lines or flashes of light in vision. It does not occur in every migraine patient. Newly developed speech disturbance, loss of vision, or weakness should not automatically be assumed to be aura.
What does chronic migraine mean?
Headache on at least 15 days a month for more than three months, with at least 8 of those days having migraine features, is used in the assessment of chronic migraine. Recording the days is different from simply counting individual attacks, and it can affect the treatment plan.
How is migraine diagnosed?
The duration of attacks, the characteristics of the pain, accompanying symptoms, and examination are assessed together. Routine imaging is not required for every patient; additional tests are chosen based on suspicious findings. EMG is not a standard test used in diagnosing migraine.
When is urgent help needed?
A sudden, very severe headache; or one accompanied by new arm/leg weakness, speech disturbance, altered consciousness, or fever with neck stiffness requires urgent assessment. In Turkey, call 112 or go to an emergency department.
Causes of migraine and treatment options
Genetic predisposition and processes within the nervous system play a role. Triggering factors are not, on their own, the cause of the condition. You can read more about the difference between a cause and a trigger. Treatment is personalised according to the frequency of attacks and their effect on your life.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. Although one-sided pain is common, headache can also occur on both sides.
EMG is not the standard diagnostic test for migraine. Migraine is assessed through history and examination; the physician chooses any additional tests that are necessary.
Sources and information
This content is for general information only; it does not replace personal diagnosis, treatment advice or a medical consultation. The applicability of recommendations in these sources depends on your individual situation and local practice.