Tarsal tunnel syndrome is compression of the tibial nerve within the tunnel on the inner side of the ankle. It can cause a burning, numb, or electric-shock sensation in the sole of the foot. It is not seen only in people with diabetes, and not every case of burning in the foot is caused by tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Where is the tarsal tunnel located?
The tarsal tunnel is located on the inner side of the ankle, between the bone and the connective tissue covering it. The tibial nerve passes through this narrow area on its way to the sole of the foot. Increased pressure within the tunnel can affect the function of the nerve.
Symptoms and possible causes
Burning, numbness, and an electric-shock sensation may occur on the inner side of the ankle or in the sole of the foot. Symptoms may become more noticeable with walking or standing for long periods. Swelling after trauma, foot structure, or space-occupying lesions within the tunnel can cause the compression.
Which investigations are used for diagnosis?
The location of the symptoms, the structure of the foot, and a sensory examination are assessed. Nerve conduction studies, EMG, or imaging are used when necessary. Not every pain in the sole of the foot is tarsal tunnel syndrome; other musculoskeletal and nerve problems are also considered.
Non-surgical options and surgery
Depending on the cause of the compression, adjusting activities, suitable footwear and supports, physical therapy, or other treatments chosen by the physician may be applied. Persistent symptoms, nerve involvement, and the presence of a specific cause of compression are important factors in surgical assessment.
The aim of surgery is to reduce pressure within the tunnel. Recovery depends on the duration of nerve damage, any accompanying conditions, and the procedure performed.
If you have diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy can cause similar symptoms in the feet. Widespread nerve damage, localised compression, and circulation problems are assessed separately. It is helpful to bring your previous test results and notes on the activities that worsen your symptoms to the examination.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. Structural or localised causes other than diabetes can also put pressure on the nerve.
No. The cause of the burning is identified first; non-surgical options and surgical suitability are assessed accordingly.
Sources and information
This content is for general information only; it does not replace personal diagnosis, treatment advice or a medical consultation. The applicability of recommendations in these sources depends on your individual situation and local practice.